Effect of Nutrient Availability on Coral Reef Growth in Ethiopia

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nutrient availability on coral reef growth in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Coral reefs thrive in nutrient-poor waters, where low nitrogen and phosphorus levels favor coral-dominated ecosystems. However, an increase in nutrient levels, often due to pollution or agricultural runoff, can lead to an overgrowth of algae, which competes with corals for space and light, hindering their growth. Additionally, excess nutrients can disrupt the symbiotic relationship between corals and zooxanthellae, the algae that provide corals with much of their energy through photosynthesis. As a result, nutrient over-enrichment can lead to coral bleaching and reduced calcification rates, ultimately weakening the structural integrity and growth of coral reefs. Maintaining a balanced nutrient environment is essential for sustaining healthy coral reef ecosystems. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Eutrophication theory, coral-algal competition theory and optimal nutrient hypothesis may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of nutrient availability on coral reef growth in Ethiopia. Implement tailored nutrient management strategies that consider local ecological conditions and coral species composition. Governments should enact stricter regulations on nutrient discharges from agricultural, industrial, and urban sources.