Illegal Small-Scale Mining (Galamsey) and its Impact on the Human Rights of Ghanaians

Abstract

Purpose: Illegal small-scale mining, commonly referred to as “galamsey” in Ghana, has become a significant issue, not only for its environmental devastation but also for its profound impact on the human rights of affected communities. This paper seeks to explore the intersection between illegal mining activities and the human rights of Ghanaians, focusing on how these activities violate environmental rights, compromise public health, and disrupt social and economic structures. Methodology: This study will be methodically carried out by briefing on the history of galamsey, the concept of galamsey. A review of the literature will be conducted in order to understand the concept. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature, legal frameworks, and case studies, this research sheds light on the systemic challenges posed by galamsey and the inadequacies of current regulatory measures. Articles, books, conference documents were used in the article. Findings: The findings reveal a web of consequences extending beyond environmental degradation to include the infringement of fundamental human rights, including the right to a healthy environment, health, and livelihood. The paper concludes by recommending stronger policy enforcement, community engagement, and international cooperation to address the multidimensional impacts of illegal small-scale mining in Ghana. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Illegal small-scale mining, commonly referred to as galamsey, is a pervasive issue in Ghana that has led to significant human rights violations. These violations span environmental, health, economic, and social dimensions, affecting various rights recognized under both national and international law. In this section, I will provide a more detailed account of the documented instances where galamsey activities have led to such violations, offering insights into the broader implications for the rights of affected communities