Effects of Urbanization on Soil Microbial Diversity in Cameroon

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of urbanization on soil microbial diversity in Cameroon. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Urbanization, characterized by the conversion of natural landscapes into urban environments, has been shown to significantly impact soil microbial communities. Studies have consistently found that urbanization leads to a decrease in soil microbial diversity, with urban soils often exhibiting lower species richness and abundance compared to their rural counterparts. Factors such as pollution, habitat fragmentation, soil compaction, and altered nutrient cycling patterns associated with urbanization contribute to these declines in microbial diversity. Additionally, the composition of microbial communities in urban soils tends to shift towards taxa that are more tolerant to urban stressors, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and resilience. Understanding the effects of urbanization on soil microbial diversity is crucial for mitigating its negative impacts on ecosystem health and for informing urban planning and management strategies aimed at promoting biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Metacommunity theory, ecological succession theory and ecological stoichiometry theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effects of urbanization on soil microbial diversity in Cameroon. Practical recommendations should emphasize the integration of green infrastructure interventions, urban agriculture, and sustainable land management practices into urban planning and design strategies. Policy recommendations should focus on mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into urban planning policies and regulations.