Effect of Demographic Changes on Life Expectancy Predictions

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of demographic changes on life expectancy predictions. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that demographic changes significantly influence life expectancy predictions, reflecting shifts in population dynamics, healthcare access, and socio-economic conditions. In developed economies, aging populations coupled with advancements in healthcare and lifestyle improvements have generally led to higher life expectancy projections. This trend is supported by robust healthcare systems, access to preventive care, and socioeconomic stability, contributing to extended lifespans and improved quality of life for elderly populations. Conversely, in developing economies, demographic shifts often reveal a complex interplay of factors. While improvements in healthcare and infrastructure have increased life expectancy, challenges such as limited healthcare access, economic disparities, and urbanization's impacts pose significant hurdles. These disparities can lead to varying life expectancy predictions within regions, influenced by factors like rural-urban divides and socio-economic inequalities. Overall, demographic changes underscore the dynamic nature of life expectancy predictions, shaped by both progress and persistent challenges in global health and socio-economic development efforts. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The theory of epidemiological transition, the social determinants of health theory and the compression of morbidity theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of demographic changes on life expectancy predictions. In terms of practical implications, implementing targeted public health interventions is crucial. From a policy perspective, advocating for health equity is paramount. Policymakers should focus on policies that address socio-economic disparities and provide equitable access to healthcare services.