The Role of Religion in Shaping Gender Norms and Attitudes: A Case Study of Tanzania

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of religion in the shaping of gender norms and attitudes in the Tanzanian culture. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of religion in the shaping of gender norms and attitudes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Constructionism theory, Symbolic Interactionism theory and the Intersectionality model may be used to anchor future studies on the role of religion in the shaping of gender norms and attitudes. Religious beliefs, teachings, and practices have a profound influence on societal expectations, reinforcing traditional gender roles and contributing to the perpetuation of gender inequalities. The findings highlight the complex interplay between religion and gender, with religious affiliation often associated with more conservative gender attitudes and the acceptance of gender-based violence. Recommendations drawn from the study include the promotion of gender sensitive religious education, engaging religious leaders and institutions, fostering interfaith dialogues, strengthening women's empowerment programs, supporting grassroots initiates amongst others.