Impact of Antibiotic Use in Agriculture on Soil Microbial Communities in Chad

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of antibiotic use in agriculture on soil microbial communities in Chad. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that antibiotics introduced into agricultural soils through manure, irrigation, or direct application can disrupt the native microbial populations. This disruption often results in a decrease in microbial diversity and an increase in the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These changes can hinder essential soil processes such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and plant growth promotion. Additionally, the presence of antibiotic residues in soil can select for resistant genes, which can be transferred to human pathogens, posing public health risks. Long-term antibiotic exposure can lead to persistent shifts in microbial community structure, potentially reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Therefore, understanding and mitigating the impacts of antibiotic use in agriculture is crucial for maintaining soil health and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of soil microbial ecology, theory of antibiotic resistance evolution and theory of ecotoxicology may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of antibiotic use in agriculture on soil microbial communities in Chad. Agricultural practices should adopt strategies to reduce the reliance on antibiotics, such as integrated pest management, crop rotation, and the use of probiotics. Establishing stringent regulations on the use of antibiotics in agriculture can help control their application and minimize environmental contamination.